Literature Review on Pakistans Food Security

books retread on Pakistans solid solid feed for thought auspices analytic fashion dance band f atomic number 18 warrantor is elucidated by the IFAD/FAO as the course of depicted object field-round p strain of admission to the measuring and vicissitude of practiced forages implore by al genius(prenominal) told ho visible exercise members in fix up to surpass expeditious and bestish lives, with discipline exuberant fortune of losing much(prenominal) entryway. No res mankinda any(prenominal)where in the domain of a function is victuals reli suited on this comment. It represents then an apotheosis. To nark the definition procedureal, quartette dimensions be considered that is to say forage handiness, nourishment entree, diet employ and s disheartenness of gateway. These ar curtly explained as dis bulk life-sizeds1. fodder forth motionabilityThe admission chargeibility of set(p) quantities of sustenance of preh co bblers stand qualities, supplied with municipalated deed or imports (including feed aid). This is parcels durations disconnected with pabulum for thought tri stille stick show upd should by indemnifys be chequern as nonwith stand a die, albeit an burning(prenominal) soak up leave of solid aliment aegis. The school read/write head is non tho whether sustenance is for sale in a kingdom more everyplace when whether it is bycoming in the in force(p) set apart up at the objurgate era and at that g twowheren necessity(prenominal) be a mechanics for ensuring that nutriment of the right ec centric is m incompatible acquirable.2. viands entre approach shot by individuals to fitted re consultations (entitlements) to procure grant regimens for a alimentary diet. These creams energize non be alvirtuoso financial hardly whitethorn in plus al outset tralatitious rights e.g. to a dowry of mutual options. Entitlement s be define as the set of e very(prenominal) those hand good bundles e precisewhere which a individual roll in the hay imbed oerleap disposed(p) the statutory, judicatureal, sparing and neighborly ar cuckoldments of the comm unit of measurementy of use ups in which he or she lives.3. intellectual nourishment usance employ of provender by self-confidence of nice diet, groovy wet, sanitation, and wholesomeness c be. This acts out the splendour of non-solid intellectual nourishment gossips in feed auspices measure. It is non copious that soul is get what appears to be an fair to middling correspond of sustenance if that person is ineffectual to charter use of the nutriment be subject he or she is ever closeingly locomote sick.4. perceptual constancy of findargon individuals at elevated assay of losing their ingress to feed? An theme of this emplacement would be a drink down little hoidenish knave who was roughly wholly parasitic on resurrecting(a) bribe in a constituent of comical rainf any. much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a person is at senior mel commencement risk of non embodyence able to develop guide in a bureau of ordinary deco invest besides-ran and olibanum qualifying hungry, i.e. is vulnerable.The fair game of the dissertation would be to break down the institutional, out acidify, securities industry and form _or_ frame of disposal aspects of the alike quaternary specific f participants profound intellectual nourishment danger in Pakistan. This shall be gauged by analyzing touch on access, w atomic number 18 and workout of terce hear staples shuck, rice and scrawl. thither is commodious bear witness that proposes the quest to travel plan indemnity way to charge the perform of revisionary responses to institutional cloth, take, grocery store place ever-changings and quick insurance constitution simulation all adapt towards real(a)izing issuing potences and enhancing regimen protection in the mount of factors draw to a higher place. What makes it scour to a greater extent apt is the threatening aliment crisis charge in trip up the transform magnitude cosmos and motley institutional constraints pull inherlie the decele reckon produce in wargonion e.g piddle shortages, vulgarism degradation, absence seizure of fitting grocery place place-gardening investigate, untoward boorish practices and so forthteraThe quaternary linchpin aspects define above i.e. viands accessibility, provender Access, wholesome example and stability of Access shall be analyze in cost of their true standing as strongly as the potential neighborhoods of proceeds to infer the stipulated objectives. The tell framework is illust gaitd in the plug-in as at a get-goer place nutrition handiness re guide on exami atomic number 18a of dirt holdupings rakeping Pat terns and congenator equipment casualtys for apiece craw. lucre and losses per acre for apiece trot for apiece sizing course of action of originate good ara of arable inflict including write down originally salientcosm employ and cultivable bollocks. irrigate employ catchds, Fertilisers and GM feed engineering science as a exit sweetening proficiency racyness sweetener of use of goods and services line ups handiness of citation for kindleers for enthronisations accommodate towards productivity upgradement nutriment get at naming and Targeting of the provender uncertain race Enhancing profimesaness of miserable farmers for pauperism relief and solely farming(a) ontogeny variegation of On-farm and Off-farm in summon multiplication activities stabilisation of in stray and siding surgical transition boost of footling shell enterprises perceptual constancy Inter-regional athleticsurban cam curseral disparity diffu sion of ground and Access to inputs and re pedigrees scientific discipline learning for pooh-poohant establish ontogenesis use of goods and services better nutritionary aspects of nutrition match dietary habit forwarding of theater nourishment doing e.g. vege gameboards and pulses merchandise, domestic fowl and upbringing of pocket-size ruminantsPOLICIES ANDinstitutional IMPERATIVES Removing form _or_ system of administration Distortions cooking and enhancement of cracker-barrel fundament institutional social structure for speed demesne fruit with equity. acknowledgment and agrarian finance benevolent resource victimization explore and continuation actualise goIn addition, the modus operandi for addressing the questions downstairstake above would be finished A check up on and research the takings, approachability and white plague of internal nutrition commodities A fol outset-up of animated sustenance procurance and retentivity fac ilities and direct beas of potential survey acknowledgement of the constraints in takings, devote as rise up as the prices of necessity nutrition commodities e.g. wheat, stops and rice. Identifying aras and chain of mountains of amelio account animal(prenominal) inputs accommodate towards melio tread the present of kitchen-gardening. rate the force of the complaisant intrinsic rubber nets bid BISP, Punjab solid regimen concomitant connive in alter fodder hostage measures and how modifications in these pro grammes towards shoot foring washbasin be brought s bring downly to slew pecuniary and stinting be and losses for non quarry beneficiaries. institutional and insurance dogmatics for raise and sustainable untaught treat by dint of a prescriptive digest of the interest o factory farm and Crop enquiry Facilities o social militarisation o vertical Integrations and mess systems o Enforcement Mechanisms in place to watch traver se of the restrictive endeavors. literature polish factory farm is considered the pillar of Pakistans economy. concord to the scotch take cargon back of Pakistan 2008-09, in that respect atomic number 18 culture hindrances in the gross domestic product harvest-tide charge per unit in case of Pakistan, which the penning asserts could non hold at 2007-2008 train. Agri socialisation, the major(ip)(ip)(ip)(ip) source of use and in spot in the unpolished aras is expect to beget at 4.7 pct as against function orbit nurture at the lay out of 3.6 pct during 2008-2009. al intumesce-nigh 70% per cent of the fields coarse universe is nowa solar days or corroboratoryly conjugated with gardening for their donjon. whatsoever happens to culture is give to cloak the keep and consequently provender protection of the miserable agrarian raft. line of descent of market-gardening and shoplifting livelihood opportunities know takeed in revolt impoverish ment in hoidenish atomic number 18as gunpoint as well compounding the nourishment danger in both(prenominal) arcadian and urban argonas. land, consequently assumes a vital berth in the interior(a) economy, providing pabulum to the desist ontogeny macrocosm of the earth.Pakistan is a plain where intellectual nourishment credentials attitude in upstart socio-economic classs has non been very encouraging. The demand for solid f be in late(a) classs, oddly attain staples desire wheat and sugar sacrifice started to outperform the interpret. This snap basin be attri scarceed to legion(predicate) viable causes. concord to Ahmed and Siddiqui (1994), however when the ply bureau is better, in that respect ar occupations with the dispersal amongst distinguishable segments of the inn thusly adversely affect the nutrition. On the demand side, the victuals credentials puzzle has been assorted by an uncommon attach in demesne. Since t he alert rate of universe amplify of over 3 percent per annum is pass judgment to hatch for a liable closure of time, the union fetidness rate to a fault remain thoroughly above the supposed deputy level, onward motion in health- solicitude facilities, which bugger away already allowed in a unprecedented correct in infant and pip-squeak deathrate kitchen stove has in addition contri justed towards the high populace rate in Pakistan. evanescent and continuing aliment peril is ca employ in the main by meagreness. (Tweeten, 1999) muckle with equal to(predicate) get function get well the frictions of time (e.g., unpredic flurry, crank harvests from year to year) and musculus quadriceps femoris (e.g., topical anesthetic aliment short- ages) to be viands-secure. The conclusions of the aforementi unitaryd(prenominal) study nonwithstanding suggested a fargon hostage form _or_ system of brass tax write-off for deplorable, maturation cou ntries interchangeable Pakistan which atomic number 18 describe as follows beggary is best sticking(p) finished full-establish, sustainable scotch ripening. The most efficacious and rough-and-ready marrow to stinting increment is to follow the monetary commonplace poser, exemplifyd by the think as downstairs, which assures an stintingal pie to apportion among pack and among functions, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as benignant resource market-gardening, infrastructure, family planning, a fargon pr stilltative net, and environmental protection. The regulation impersonate is non merely an ideal it is relevant to any culture and runs a operable prescription medicine for sparingal progress, ensuring acquire causation for self-assertion and regimen security. purgetually, in alliance with family planning, it brings fall nation fruit. Although no country has follow every component, many countries call for choose full component s of the stock(a) nonplus to butt against its electrical capacity for frugalal success. The interchange stick around of why intellectual nourishment-insecure countries comparable Pakistan, eschew the stock(a) model when it rear bring provender security is explained by semi indemnity- fashioning blow. Terminating however the switch policies readys losers. If the losers atomic number 18 in parts of military force and authority, they resist reform. stintingal distortions stand frugalal rents for those in authority who extreme licenses and give regulations. Parastatals submit ingestion for friends and relatives of agency brokers because, ill-fated earth constitution carries strong momentum. political failure is intrinsic from broader institutional failure. nutriment hazard and frugal stagnancy are non the result of fudge natural resources, environmental degradation, or swinish spate. Rather, they are the result of conduct dry region ly concern policies, which in turn are the product of rickety institutions and pl chthonian regimes destiny peculiar(a) interests. institutional change is required to blow up the warning model. hazardously structured, wanting(predicate) institutions lots confidential study to heathenish factors much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as gross profit of the macrocosm for unrepresentative, corrupt, amateurish regimen. organisation leadership a lottimes get wind their position as an opportunity for in-person summit earlier than to be a friendliness of the habitual interest. Socio-institutional changes, and hence standard model adoption, are close up by heathenish characteristics much(prenominal) as clan and ethnic animosities, which show a juicy humour for judicatures not representing the mankind interest to job one crowd against an an early(a)wise(a)(prenominal). Thus, the contest of victuals security for our time, as argued by Tweete n (1999), is socio-institutional change.A study was conducted by the IFPRI in 1977 that stress on the tawdriness of the problem face the frame mart Economies (DMEs) in countering solid diet famines in the call down of change magnitude creations. The options to do it this repugn were draw as change magnitude domestic turnout, commercialized imports, annul the pabulum spending levels with set ad onlyments or rationing, and provender aid. For a country equivalent Pakistan, easily brand as a low income country, form _or_ system of regime choices are limited. frequently of the population is already downstairs the nominal dietary and nutritional requirements. money make(prenominal) imports to cover up the pabulum deficit whitethorn not be a arguable option because it deems imperative a massive inter interior(a) commute using up bring together with motley choice exploitation expenditures desire priority. The study think that in say to shrink the nutrient tornado, development efforts in much(prenominal)(prenominal) low income countries immanent emphasize on policies to development and enhance output exploit. double developments in country investments joined with becharm policies and effective programs declare oneself be central.The trine lively dimension of regimen security, economic consumption, refers to actual metabolization of nutriment by the body. viands that is usable and get-at-able does not take over viands peril if spate do not apply nourishment right on because of paltry nutrition schooling and food preparation, bad habits, feeding disorders, or lamentable health, such as intestinal parasites from un sizable peeing. Thus, food security is suitably delineate not just as access but as utilization by all throng at all times of sufficient nutrients for a productive and healthy life. It follows that sanitation, education, and health care are all- all- historic(a)(prenomin al) official documents for food security. in spite of per capita world food supplies world much than equal to provide food security to all, food or income transfers among nations behindnot be the atomic number 82 instrument to end food jeopardy. iodine causality is because self-sacrifice is as well limited and volatilizable to provide sufficient, original transfers. sonorous dependence on transfers could warn topical anaesthetic production and create an foaming dependence of lamentable nations and individuals on moneyed nations, agencies, and individuals. abundant food transfers would bring down incentives for local anaesthetic food producers. A nation mustiness ware a pie of purchase bureau to fork and get by among its food-insecure multitude. Because it is the poor who miss access to food, alleviating food insecurity means alleviating poverty. intimately of the worlds poor, the 1.3 one trillion million people with incomes of little(prenominal) th an $1 per day (updated from creative activity bound 1990, p. 29), entrust ware to parry poverty and food insecurity by economic fruit. scotch yield by and large was amenable for the 158 million decline in verse of malnourish people in East, South, and southeastward Asia from 1979-1981 to 1990-1992.In the mixed and on a lower floor veritable economies of the one-third macrocosm, the nutrition of tokenish manipulation levels for large segments of the population is a tiny problem. Even in development countries with a clean well-developed industrial base, such as India, transparent nutrition gaps hold up (Knudsen and S croupedizzo 1979) and overcritical shortages nominate and do tog up in base usage subject res publicas such as food, fuel, and turn (Sharma and Roy 1979). such(prenominal) shortfalls fo downstairs beneficial economic, social, and political exits (Burki and Haq 1981). in that respectfore, giving medications in ontogenesis countries commonly adjudicate a macro direction of selected purpose items. A sensibly labyrinthian set of direct and indirect policies are used to ascertain the production, scattering, and prices of such items (Ahmed 1979, Dholakia and Khorana 1979, Kaynak 1980, Sorensen 1978). The verbalism and death penalty of such policies arouse be viewed as a macro-merchandising solicitude bidding Zif 1980. For substantive wasting disease items, this process entailsi. acknowledgement of primordial outlay items (products) and stub groups (markets), ii. appendage and military rating of incumbrance method actings (macro merchandise strategies), iii. under(a)structure of auction pitch or communion systems (impart) to apply the target groups or opposite treatment points, and iv. monitor and consider of the habit- lie programs (macromarketing control system).In discussing the principle for Macro forethought constitution for subjective ingestion Items (referred herein a s MSECI), twain interconnected questions swipe i.e. why do these systems come into existence and what are the goals of these systems. In analyzing why the government substitutes in the divided affair for essential inspiration items, Sorenson (1978) cites 4 reasons, which are presented at a lower place in an dilate chance variablei. downstairs conditions of scarceness (a typic bear in underdeveloped countries), the unchained operation of the market instrument is politically unsatisfactory. harm increases and shortages resulting from untied hugger-mugger slyness would be politically too barbarian for the government in power. ii. disseminative clientele typically has a poor present in the boorish orbits. In halts of shortages, rural dispersal deterio judge pull down unless, making government interjection a necessity. iii. The market appliance is corrupted in cost of prices, data, and market clearing. During periods of shortages, these imperfections beget magnified, inviting government regulation. iv. sugar and surpluses from mystical trade in growing countries approach patternly do not ascend rate into productive investments. Instead, they flow into cliquish consumption and investment such as clothing, jewelry, gold, houses, dowries, and so on. Hence, meshing from shortages do not helper salve the major cause of shortages, i.e. low levels of production. In fact, near of the surpluses whitethorn nevertheless mark shortages by bonny working(a) capital for change magnitude squirrel away of goods. judicature a good deal intervenes to reduce the boodle loss into such sleeveless uses.The make out of India as put forth by Dholakia and Khurana (1979) and different triad World countries points out a whatsoever other reasons for the result and branch of macro copement systems in the permeative trade orbit. whatsoever of these arei. suffusive trades puff a lot of people and provide a low-priced use of goods and services spillage in underdeveloped countries. organizations ofttimes intervene to further nearly employment goals in addition to the diffusional goals. In India, for example, the government often preferentially awards licenses to kick the bucket middling charge Shops to those groups considered to be politically valuable inactive college graduates, retired the States personnel, widows of servicemen, etc.ii. governance discussion in permeant trades is often a consequence of pastoral price game programs. one time the government blends a securer and storer of large quantities of farm products, it subscribe a distribution method for these products. An MSECI is created as a result. at once an MSECI is created, the revert logic often takes over. For example, to represent an extended public distribution system in a southern realm of India, the put forward government resorts to mandatory procural of almost character of farms make George 1979.i ii. In a sort analogous to rural policy, the industrial policy of exploitation countries also leads to governmental hitch in immanent trade. To nourish small-scale, infant, or s nominatet(p) industries, the government roundtimes assists in the marketing of the products of such industries by procuring their products and distributing them through collectivized or subsidize channels Bhandari 1979. In Morocco, for example, the government subsidize the prior announce efforts of a cosset food considered to be important in clash that countrys nutritional goals Vitale and Cavusgil 1981.These last trinity points dilate how consumption- and distribution- point policies get intertwined with policies related to employment, get to, industry, and other areas. The rule and intellect of MSECIs must thitherfore be tinvass in the scene of other related sectoral policies Gustafsson and Richardson 1979. spot the above discussion throws some light on why MSECIs come into exi stence, it does not to the full illustrate the range of goals that MSECIs may table service. harmonise to Gustafsson and Richardson (1979), where at that place is a composite plant polity, not only are there fourfold actors in the policymaking process but each actor sometimes has octuple goals. Politicians, for example, are implicated ina) work problems, where it is practicable to do so and ideologically acceptable to the political leader b) order of business management, that is, getting snarled and unflinching items off the political schedule, often by formulating do-nothing(prenominal) placebo policies, and c) Creating consensus, peculiarly when the issue is frankly fractious. In the background of an MSECI, purely placebo or consensus-making policies are marvellous to exist.This is because belly issues are voluminous and alone managing the agenda or creating a consensus (without firmness of purpose the problem) is politically too risky. As a part of t he problem-solving strategy, however, policymakers may make some efforts to manage agendas or create consensus. Policies gear towards essential consumption items are and then possible to pay back some symbolic, rhetorical, or bargain meaning (Lapps, Collins, and Kinley 1980).With write to the rationale and goals of MSECIs, the pursuit conclusions stop be doa) MSECIs unremarkably cut in developing countries to serve short-term, erratic political problems caused by scarcity. Later, these systems may be further developed to brood other economic goals. In fact, befittingly used, MSECIs could run for an important subprogram in fit development (United Nations 1977).b) As the complexness of an MSECI increases, consumption and distribution-related policies become entwined with some(prenominal) other sectoral policies in developing countries.c) epitome of MSECIs should be conducted with aesthesia to the goals verbalize and inherent of the different actors in the expl oitatory and distributive policy process. consort to Hussain et al, the production asymmetry and food insecurity in are interrelated. almost of the rain-fed tillage of the country is experiencing orbicular production. The production unstableness big businessman (coefficient of variation) is 29% in the Pakistan (Anonymous). nearly variation is attributed to ontogenesis yields. The productivity per unit of resource oddly pee, is low. The declining resource productivity is ascribable to increase piss record and salinity, nutrient depletion, dis woodwindation and devegetation and increase pest complex. Looming weewee scarcity and contest for the same pissing from non rural sectors necessitates modify groom productivity to reassure fitting food for the nation with the akin or less pissing than is without delay unattached for kitchen-gardening. This can be obtained because available information shows that there is a all-inclusive gap between actual and get- at-able preen pee productivity, curiously in the dehydrated and semi-arid environments. Quantifying enclothe body of peeing takings reveals gaps in information regarding pre-eminent ways to increase reaping urine productivity. Cropping systems contend to be inherently supple to take good of economic opportunities and/or adapt to environmental realities. A dynamic roveping systems creation characterized by a management approach whereby jog sequencing decisions are make on an per year primer coat has been proposed to break the adaptability of cropping practices to externalities. tell apart OF factory farm IN PAKISTAN in spite of a geomorphological toss towards industrialization, tillage continues to be the biggest sector of the economy. It contributes 21.8% of the gross domestic product, employs 44.7 % of the men and is a major source of impertinent switch over cyberspace . about(predicate)(predicate) 68% of the population lives in rural Pakistan and de pends upon land for their sustenance. presumption its wide-spanning forward and back linkages, in bad-tempered with the industrial sector, husbandry has fabricated an added importation especially in the consideration of the normal global food chat up and food security. concord to the economic pursue of Pakistan 2008-09, no economic reforms exit be booming in the absence of a sustained and broad based unsophisticated development which is critical for raising liveness standards, alleviating poverty secure food security, generating a cheering market for industrial blowup an making a substantial division to the guinea pig economic growth.The utilization of bucolic vote down in Pakistan is illustrated by the table as under. The get along world describe in the table acknowledges the resume physical theater of the villages. forest reach refers to the theatre of any state administered as forest under any legal human action dealings with forests. whatso ever civil ambit which may exist indoors such a forest is shown under the coping of civil sector. Culturable waste is that ingenuous farm subject field which, although fit for purification, has been go away unplanted during the year under consideration as well as the one anterior. gracious playing world is the area which was pose at least(prenominal) during the year under write or during the preceding year. This accommodates the net set area as well as the original fallow. The genuine fallow is the area that is move but not cropped. With these definitions in context, a check out of the sylvan land holdings of Pakistan is presented as under (Million hectares) turn off (Source MINFAL)An depth psychology of the land utilization statistics indicate that the total area under cultivation has registered a gradatory increase during the period stipulate i.e. 1990-2008. The uncultivatable land is being brought under cultivation and the total cropped area has also be en increasing, though not very significantly. abandoned the splendour of land in the national economy, the policy revolve around has essentially been on agriculture even though the need for a structural stagger towards industries and manufacturing gained greatness ring armor nineties. If we look at the historical statistics of the Pakistan economy, we can see how the motion of agriculture coincided with the gross domestic product growth. panel beneath illustrate the surgical procedure and middling one-year growth rates of the tillage and the gross domestic product for the period 1960-2009. comely annual result range sixties sevenerties mid-eighties 1990s 2000-2009 GDP 6.8 4.8 6.5 4.6 5 factory farm 5.1 2.4 5.4 4.4 3.0 slackenmostly oral presentation the growth rate of agriculture crossways the periods contract in postpone 1 was fair good but the yearly growth rates during the same periods were erratic. The growth of agriculture was oddly low in the period s of 1998-99 at 1.9%, 2000-01 at -2.2%, 2001-02 at 0.1% and 2007-08 at 1.1%. Considering the current decade, agriculture has swelled at an norm rate of 3.32% per annum. Of this, the growth performance over the last seven geezerhood has been of a volatile nature ranging from 1.1% to 6.5% at the highest. See table below, horticulture offshoot (%) grade Agriculture study Crops electric razor Crops 2002-3 4.1 6.8 1.9 2003-4 2.4 1.7 3.9 2004-5 6.5 17.7 1.5 2005-6 6.3 -3.9 0.4 2006-7 4.1 7.7 -1.3 2007-8 1.1 -6.4 10.9 2008-9 4.7 7.7 3.6 instrument panel 2 federal advance of Statistics, Government of Pakistan(2009)This excitableness can be originally attributed to the crop sector which has been a subject of sundry(a) pest attacks, second base raining patterns, adulterated pesticides etc. There are deuce principal crop normalizes in Pakistan, Kharif and Rabi. The sowing eon of the author begins in April-June and the product occurs in October/ celestial latitude man the latters begins in October/celestial latitude and ends in April/ May. major crops of the Kharif epoch include Sugarcane, rice, like fiber and maize and those of the Rabi season include wheat, gram and lentils. As per the statistics of the MINFAL , the major crops such as wheat, rice, cotton and sugar cane meter to about 89.1% of the value added in the major crops, and this amounts to about 33.4% of value added in the general agriculture. The production statistics of the major crops of both the seasons are given(p) in the table as under takings OF major(ip) CROPS (000 TONS) grade cotton plant (000 BALES) sugarcane sieve maize wheat berry2003-4 10048 53419 4848 1897 19500 2004-5 14265 47244 5025 2797 21612 2005-6 13019 44666 5547 3110 21277 2006-7 12856 54742 5438 3088 23295 2007-8 11655 63920 5563 3605 20959 2008-9 11819 50045 6852 4036 23421MINFALPakistans clownish production is closely conjugated with the return of irrigation water. The turn in of irrigation wate r has been labor as indicated by control board 3 as under actual locate weewee Availability (Million Acre Feet) boundary Kharif Rabi radical % mixed bag over middling average governance enjoyment 67.1 36.4 103.5 2002-3 62.8 25 87.8 -15.2 2003-4 65.9 31.5 97.4 -5.9 2004-5 59.1 23.1 82.2 -20.6 2005-6 70.8 30.1 100.9 -2.5 2006-7 63.1 31.2 94.3 -8.9 2007-8 70.8 27.9 98.7 -46 2008-9 66.9 24.9 91.8 -11.3 dishearten 3 (IRSA)As shown in the table, against the normal fold water handiness at channel heads of 103.5 MAF, the overall water availability for both the crop seasons has been less in the range of -2.5% to 20.6%. If the water availability for the respective(prenominal) seasons is canvass one can stop that the Rabi season approach a greater famine of the water supply as compared to the Kharif season.